SIGNS OF SILENCE

HIK. HIDANGAN ISTIMEWA KRISTIANI.
HARAPAN IMAN KASIH.
“SIGNS OF SILENCE”.
Ordo Sistersien Observansi Ketat (O.C.S.O.; Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), adalah salah satu tarekat religius Katolik Roma yang menjalani kehidupan monastik kontemplatif tertutup dengan mengikuti Peraturan Santo Benediktus yang ditulis pada abad ke-6, yang mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai dari kehidupan monastik sebagai panduan hidup.
Bagi komunitas yang mengikuti peraturan St. Benediktus, kehidupan dalam keheningan dianggap suatu cara untuk mencapai kekudusan dan berdiam diri dimaksudkan untuk menguduskan hari yang sedang dijalani.
Para Trapis biasanya hanya berbicara jika diperlukan; dengan demikian bicara tak berguna/omong kosong sangat tidak dianjurkan.
Menurut St. Benediktus, banyak bicara dapat mengarah kepada pembicaraan remeh temeh, yang dapat mengganggu daya penerimaan dan ketenangan seorang murid, dapat menggoda seseorang untuk mengikuti kehendaknya sendiri/ kehendak duniawi dan bukannya kehendak Allah, dan terbuka kepada godaan setan.
Bicara yang mengarah pada gelak tawa atau hiburan yang tidak baik dipandang sebagai kejahatan dan dilarang.
Untuk menjaga keheningan/ silentium, para Trapis di abad ke-9 mulai mengembangkan bentuk bahasa isyarat/ bahasa tanda untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain tanpa banyak bersuara, namun “catatan resmi” mengenai bentuk bahasa tanda ini lebih banyak ditemukan berasal dari masa setelah abad ke-12.
Bahasa isyarat ini diajarkan turun temurun, dan masih ditemukan dipakai oleh para Trapis yang lebih tua.
Bahasa tanda adalah suatu produk dari kebutuhan berkomunikasi dalam komunitas sembari memelihara “warisan” praktek suci keheningan.
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BAHASA TANDA CISTERCIENSIS
Abang / kakak =
Tangan ditarik dari dagu seperti menarik janggut.
Abas =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah diletakkan di dahi,
Abu =
Ibu jari, telunjuk dan jari tengah digeser-geserkan.
Adik =
Tanda abang dan muda
Ada =
Kedua ujung telunjuk bertemu dengan membentuk sudut sekitar enam puluh derajat.
Ajar/ belajar =
Kedua tangan dikepal, diletakkan di atas dahi.
Aduk/ mengaduk =
Tangan kanan digerak-gerakkan seperti mengaduk.
Air =
Ibu jari dan jari-jari lainnya dikumpulkan dan diarahkan ke atas.
Ayah/ bapak =
Tanda “abas” dan “orang dunia”.
Ayam =
Tanda “burung” dan “telur”.
Aku =
Ujung telunjuk diarahkan ke dada.
Allah/ Tuhan =
Kedua ibu jari dan telunjuk dipersatukan membentuk segitiga yang tegak mengarah ke atas.
Ambil =
Tangan digerakkan seperti mengambil.
Ampun/ maaf =
Memukul-mukul dada.
Anak =
Kelingking diletakkan di mulut.
Anjing =
Daun telinga ditarik dengan ibu jari dan telunjuk.
Anggur =
Ujung telunjuk diletakkan di ujung hidung.
Angin =
Tangan digerak-gerakkan di muka mulut sambil dihembus.
Angkat =
Tangan digerakkan seperti mengangkat.
Antiphonarium =
Ibu jari tangan kiri dijepitkan antara ibu jari dan telunjuk tangan kanan.
Apa =
Mengangkat bahu dengan muka seperti bertanya.
Api =
Ujung telunjuk dihembus.
Arang =
Tanda “kayu” dan “hitam”.
Arca =
Lidah dikeluarkan sedikit, sedangkan telunjuk dan ibu jari tengah diletakkan di kanan-kirinya.
Atas =
Tangan dilayangkan ke atas.
Babi =
Telunjuk ditekankan ke sisi hidung sambil diputar-putar.
Baptis =
Tangan berbuat seperti mencurahkan air, mempermandikan.
Bagaimana =
Mengangkat bahu, muka seperti bertanya.
Bagi/ bagian =
Tangan kanan digerakkan di lengan kiri, membentuk gerakan seperti memotong-motong.
Bagus =
Di dekat muka tangan kanan ditarik dari atas ke bawah.
Baik =
Tangan kanan digeserkan di dada.
Bayi =
Tanda “anak” dan “kecil”.
Bakul/ tenggok =
Telunjuk membuat lingkaran horisontal, lalu dengan kedua tangan membuat seperti mengangkat bakul.
Bola =
Kedua tangan digerakkan membentuk bola.
Balik =
Tangan digerakkan ke belakang. ( = kembali)
Bangku =
Tanda “meja” dan “rendah”.
Bangun =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk dilekatkan lalu dibuka dekat mata.
Baris =
Kelingking tangan kanan digariskan di tangan kiri.
Baru =
Kelingking diletakkan di mulut.
Bahasa =
Lidah diperlihatkan dan hampir disentuh dengan telunjuk.
Baca/ membaca/ bacaan =
Kedua tangan dipersatukan membentuk buku lalu diamat-amati seperti membaca.
Batu =
Tangan mengepal lalu dipukulkan ke kepala.
Bawa =
Tangan kanan melakukan gerakan seperti membawa.
Bawah =
Tangan kanan diserokkan ke bawah.
Bel =
Berbuat seperti mengebel.
Belakang =
Tangan kanan digerakkan ke belakang.
Benih =
Ibu jari digerak-gerakkan pada ujung kelingking.
Berapa =
Tanda “bagaimana” dan “banyak”.
Berat =
Tangan digerakkan seperti mengangkat benda berat.
Beres =
Kedua tangan digeser-geserkan pada dada.
Beri/ memberi =
Tangan berbuat seperti memberi.
Berkat/ memberkati =
Tangan terbuka membuat salib seperti memberkati.
Bersih =
Sama dengan “bagus”.
Besar =
Tangan terbuka digerakkan ke atas tinggi-tinggi.
Besi =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah tangan kanan digeser-geserkan di atas telunjuk dan jari tengah tangan kiri.
Besok =
Tangan mengepal diturunkan ke muka.
Biji =
Sama dengan “benih”.
Bimbang =
Sama dengan “kira-kira”.
Binatang =
Punggung telunjuk melengkung diletakkan di ujung hidung.
Biru =
Tangan mengepal diletakkan di mata.
Bodoh =
Sama dengan “batu”.
Buah =
Lengan kanan ditegakkan, siku disandarkan pada tangan kiri.
Buat =
Tangan kanan mengepal dipukulkan pada tangan kiri yang mengepal juga.
Bubur =
Tangan kanan terbuka dijatuhkan pada tangan kiri yang mengepal.
Buku =
Tangan kanan dan tangan kiri ditepukkan dan dibuka-buka seperti membuka buku.
Bulan/ month =
Tangan kanan terbuka miring, diletakkan pada tangan kiri di atas siku.
Bunga =
Ibu jari, telunjuk dan jari tengah dipersatukan lalu didekatkan ke hidung seperti mencium bunga.
Burung =
Tanda “binatang” dan “sayap”.
Buta =
Mata ditutup dengan ibu jari dan telunjuk.
Cat =
Tangan kanan diusap-usapkan pada tangan kiri seperti orang mengecat.
Celana =
Membuat seperti memakai celana.
Cermin =
Tanda “kaca” dan “arca”.
Cium/ pax =
Tangan mencium seperti pada “pax tecum”.
Cukup =
Ibu jari digariskan di bawah dada.
Cukur =
Berbuat seperti menggunting rambut.
Curi =
Tangan kanan digerakkan serong ke muka lalu ke belakang.
Cuci =
Ujung tangan kanan ditepuk-tepukkan pada bagian dalam tangan kiri.
Daftar =
Tanda “baris”.
Dahulu =
Tanda “kemarin”.
Damai =
Tangan mengepal dibawa ke mulut seperti akan dicium.
Dapur =
Tanda “rumah” dan “masak”.
Darah =
Tanda “air” dan “merah”.
Datang =
Telunjuk melengkung ke atas digerak-gerakkan seperti memanggil.
Daun =
Tanda “kertas” dan “hijau”.
Demam =
Berbuat seperti memeriksa nadi, tangan kanan diletakkan di pergelangan tangan kiri.
Dengan =
Tangan kanan dan tangan kiri digerakkan-gerakkan hampir bertepuk.
Dengar =
Telinga diketuk-ketuk dengan kelingking.
Diam =
Mulut ditutup dengan ibu jari.
Dingin =
Tangan digerakkan gemetar seperti kedinginan dengan jari-jari dalam keadaan melengkung.
Doa =
Kedua tangan dibuat seperti berdoa.
Dokter =
Tanda “orang” dan “demam”.
Domba =
Tanda “binatang” dan “pakaian”.
Dosa =
Memukul dada.
Duduk =
Berbuat seperti duduk.
Ember =
Buat lingkaran dan tanda “angkat” dan “air”.
Enak/ lezat =
Lidah diperlihatkan sedikit dan tangan digerakkan dari atas ke bawah di mukanya.
Engkau =
Menunjuk kepada orang yang dikehendaki.
Entah =
Menjungjung bahu atau tanda “tidak” dan “mengerti”.
Es =
Tanda “air” dan “keras”.
Foto =
Tanda “arca” dan membuat lingkaran dengan ibu jari dan telunjuk di muka mata.
Gambar =
Tanda “arca”
Gandum =
Tanda “benih” dan dua tangan mengepal digosok-gosokkan.
Garam =
Telunjuk diletakkan pada ujung lidah.
Garpu =
Ketiga jari terbuka seperti membuat garpu.
Gelap =
Tanda “buta”.
Gemuk =
Kedua tangan membulat di pipi kanan dan kiri.
Gereja =
Kedua tangan diangkat lalu dipersatukan di muka dada.
Gergaji =
Tangan kanan berbuat seperti menggergaji tangan kiri.
Gudang =
Tanda “rumah” dan “simpan”.
Gunung =
Dua tangan bergerak membentuk puncak gunung.
Guru =
Tanda “kepala” dan “belajar”.
Habis =
Tangan terbuka diangkat ke atas.
Halus =
Tangan kanan mengusap punggung tangan kiri dengan perlahan-lahan.
Harus =
Tangan mengepal diletakkan di lengan kiri yang mengepal juga.
Hati =
Tanda “jantung”.
Hari =
Telunjuk diletakkan di pipi kanan.
Hawa =
Tanda “angin”.
Hijau =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah membuat garis dari telinga ke hidung.
Hilang =
Tangan kanan disapukan tangan kiri.
Hitam =
Telunjuk diletakkan di kumis.
Hujan =
Jari-jari dipersatukan, tangannya diturunkan ke bawah.
Huruf =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk berbuat seperti menulis.
Hutan =
Tanda “tempat” dan “kayu”.
Imam =
Kedua tangan diangkat sepertin konsekrasi.
Iman =
Jari-jari disilangkan.
Ini/ now =
Telunjuk menunjuk ke bawah.
Itu =
Telunjuk menunjuk ke kejauhan.
Injil/ diakon =
Tanda “buku” dan “stola miring di dada”.
Jahit =
Berbuat seperti menjahit.
Jalan/ berjalan =
Dua tangan terbuka sejajar miring, digerakkan maju.
Jam/ time =
Dua kelingking digerak-gerakkan, sedangkan jari-jari lainnya mengepal.
Jantung =
Dengan kedua telunjuk membuat tanda hati di dada.
Jarum =
Telunjuk kiri ditunjuk dengan jari kanan serta membuat tanda “jahit”.
Jauh =
Tangan terbuka dilemparkan jauh-jauh ke muka.
Jendral/ umum =
Tangan mengepal digerak-gerakkan.
Jubah =
Memegang sebagian dari lengan jubah.
Kaya =
Tanda “banyak’ dan “uang”.
Kayu =
Tangan kanan menggelangi tangan kiri.
Kamar =
Tanda “rumah”.
Kamus =
Tanda “buku” dan “kata”.
Kap =
kapnya dipegang.
Kapal =
Kedua tangan terbuka dipersatukan ke muka.
Kapan =
Tanda “hari” atau “waktu” dan “apa”.
Kapas =
Tanda “pakaian”.
Kapur =
Tanda “tulis” dan “putih”.
Kasar =
Punggung tangan kiri digaruk-garuk tangan kanan.
Katak =
Kulit kerongkongan ditarik.
Kata =
Telunjuk diletakkan di mulut.
Kaca =
Gigi diketuk-ketuk dengan ujung kuku telunjuk.
Kacang =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah digeser-geserkan telunjuk kiri.
Katolik =
Membuat tanda salib.
Kaul =
Telunjuk kanan dihubungkan erat dengan telunjuk kiri.
Kebun =
Kedua telunjuk membuat lingkaran horisontal.
Keju =
Tangan kanan diusap-usapkan tangan kiri.
Kehendak =
Tangan kanan berbuat seperti memotong pergelangan tangan kiri.
Keledai =
Ibu jari diletakkan di ujung telinga dan kelingking digerak-gerakkan.
Keluarga =
Tangan kanan berjabatan dengan tangan kiri.
Kentang =
Telunjuk kanan diletakkan dan diputar-putar di tangan kiri.
Kepala/ pimpinan =
Jari tengah diperlihatkan tegak.
Keras =
Punggung tangan kiri diketuk dengan punggung telunjuk kanan yang melengkung.
Kerja =
Tanda “buat’.
Kereta =
Kedua ibu jari digerak-gerakkan seperti roda.
Kering =
Ujung telunjuk kanan diketukkan pada punggung tangan kiri.
Kertas =
Punggung tangan kanan dan kiri digeser-geserkan.
Kecewa =
Tanda “nangis”.
Kecil =
Kelingking diperlihatkan tegak.
Khayal =
Tangan terbuka dilayangkan di atas kepala.
Khotbah =
Tangan kanan dan kiri digerakkan sejajar seperti baru berkhotbah.
Kitab =
Tanda “buku”.
Koki =
Tanda “kepala” dan “masak”.
Kopi =
Tangan kanan mengepal diputar-putarkan pada tangan kiri yang mengepal juga.
Koor =
Tangan kanan dan kiri membuat sudut.
Kotor =
Tangan kanan melakukan gerakan seperti mengambil kotoran dari hidung.
Kuat =
Tangan mengepal kuat serta mengangkat.
Kubis/ kol =
Tangan dua mengepal dipersatukan.
Kuburan =
Tanda “tempat” dan “mati”.
Kuda =
Tangan ditempatkan di kepala, jari-jarinya terbuka lalu tertutup.
Kudus =
Dua tangan bersilang diletakkan di dada.
Kukula/ kovel =
Tangan kanan ditarik di bawah lengan kiri seperti menunjukkan kukula (kovel).
Kulit =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk menjepit kulit punggung tangan kiri.
Kunjungan =
Tanda “keluarga”.
Kuning =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah membuat garis dari dahi ke hidung.
Kunci =
Melakukan gerakan seperti memutar-mutar kunci.
Kucing =
Melakukan gerakan seperti memutar-mutar kumis.
Lain =
Tangan kanan dan kiri diputar-putar saling melingkari.
Layan =
Tangan dua berbuat seperti mengenakan ikat pinggang.
Lama/ tua =
Punggung dibungkukkan seperti orang tua.
Lampu =
Tanda “api”.
Langit/ surga =
Memandang dan menunjuk ke atas langit.
Lari =
Tanda “berjalan” dan “cepat”.
Lebah =
Tanda “sayap” dan “manis”.
Lebih =
Tanda “terlalu banyak”.
Lelah =
Tangan dua diturunkan seperti orang kelelahan.
Lembu =
Tangan diletakkan di atas kepala, telunjuk dan ibu jari tengah dalam keadaan mengacung.
Lilin/ akolit =
Tangan kanan disangga pada bagian siku oleh tangan kiri, dan telunjuk diperlihatkan.
Lem/ perekat =
Telunjuk dan ibu jari dilekat-lekatkan.
Licin =
Tangan kanan digelincirkan di punggung tangan kiri.
Luar =
Telunjuk kanan diletakkan di antara telunjuk dan jari tengah tangan kiri, lalu dikeluarkan.
Lupa =
Tangan berbuat seperti lenyap dari kepala.
Maaf =
Memukul dada.
Maju/ di muka =
Tangan diajukan.
Mahkota =
Membuat lingkaran di kepala.
Makan =
Tiga jari beberapa kali diarahkan ke mulut.
Malaikat =
Tanda “sayap” dan “kudus”.
Malam =
Tanda “buta”.
Mandi =
Tangan berbuat seperti mandi.
Manis =
Telunjuk diletakkan di antara bibir.
Mantol =
Tangan terbuka lalu keduanya mengepal di dada.
Maria =
Tanda ‘ibu’ dan ‘Tuhan’.
Martir =
Tanda ‘kudus’ dan ‘merah’.
Martyrologium =
Tanda “buku” dan “segala orang kudus”.
Mas/ gold =
Tanda ‘besi’ dan ‘kuning’.
Masak =
Jari-jari kedua tangan dipersatukan, lalu digerak-gerakkan ke atas.
Masam =
Tenggorokan digaruk dari dagu ke araj jakun.
Asin =
Tanda ‘garam’.
Masuk =
Telunjuk kanan dimasukkan di antara telunjuk dan jari tengah tangan kiri.
Mati =
Tangan mengepal, sedangkan ibu jarinya tegak ditekankan pada dagu.
Macam =
Tanda “baris”.
Meja =
Tanda ‘kayu’ dan kedua tangan dipersatukan secara horisontal, lalu perlahan-lahan diceraikan.
Menit =
Telunjuk dan ibu jari bergeseran.
Mentega =
Ujung jari-jari tangan kanan diusap-usapkan pada telapak tangan kiri.
Merah =
Ujung telunjuk diletakkan pada bibir.
Mesin =
Tanda “kereta”.
Minyak =
Telunjuk diusapkan di antara kedua bibir.
Minta =
Tangan diletakkan di mulut.
Minum =
Ujung ibu jari ditempatkan di bibir, sedangkan keempat jari lainnya mengepal, tangan digerakkan ke atas sedikit.
Miskin =
Tangan kanan berbuat seperti meminta-minta.
Muda =
Tanda “baru”.
Nama =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk berbuat seperti menulis.
Nasi =
Tanda “benih” dan “putih”.
Natal =
Tanda “hari” dan “Tuhan” dan “anak”.
Perlahan-lahan =
Tanda “halus”.
Perlu =
Tangan kanan menjepit lengan jubah kiri bagian bawah.
Pesta =
Tangan kanan berkali-kali menggergaji pergelangan tangan kiri.
Petani =
Tanda “orang mencangkul”.
Peti =
Kedua tangan merupakan sisi-sisi kotak.
Pecah/ rusak =
Kedua tangan mengepal, lalu melakukan gerakan seperti memecahkan sesuatu.
Pikir =
Tanda “khayal”.
Pilihan/ stem =
Tangan kiri memegang tangan kanan.
Pintu =
Tanda “kayu”.
Pipa =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk melakukan gerakan seperti memegang pipa di muka mulut.
Piring =
Membuat lingkaran dengan telunjuk di tangan kiri yang terbuka, lalu ujung telunjuk diletakkan di tengahnya.
Pisau =
Melalukan gerakan seperti mengiris.
Psalm =
Ibu jari di mulut dan jari-jari lainnya yang terbuka digerak-gerakkan.
Puas =
Tanda “beres”.
Puasa =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk menjepit mulut.
Putih =
Telunjuk dna jari tengah digaruk-garukkan di bawah mulut.
Putus =
Tanda “pecah”.
Rabuk =
Tangan kanan mengepal digosok-gosokkan di pelipis.
Raja =
Tanda “mahkota”.
Rahasia =
Tangan kanan disembunyikan di ketiak kiri.
Rebus =
Tanda “masak”.
Rendah =
Tangan kanan ditempatkan ke bawah rendah-rendah.
Roda =
Kedua ibu jari digerak-gerakkan seperti roda.
Roh=
Tanda “khayal”
Roma =
Tanda “tempat” dan “Paus”.
Roti =
Kedua ibu jari dan telunjuk dipersatukan horisontal.
Rumah =
Jari-jari tangan kanan dan kiri dipersatukan seperti atap.
Rumput =
Kedua tangan terbuka ke bawah, sejajar, digerakkan naik-turun satu persatu.
Sabun =
Tangan mengepal digosok-gosokkan ke pipi.
Sayang =
Telunjuk diusap-usapkan di bawah mata seperti air mata.
Sayap =
Ujung ibu jari diletakkan di sudut kanan mulut dan jari-jari lainnya digerak-gerakkan.
Sayur =
Tanda “minyak”.
Sayuran =
Tanda ‘rumput’ dan ‘hijau’.
Salam/ PF =
Kedua tangan diacungkan dan dilambai-lambaikan.
Salib =
Kedua telunjuk membentuk salib.
Sama =
Kedua telunjuk dipersatukan sejajar lalu digeser-geser.
Sampai =
Ujung jari-jari tangan kanan dan kiri saling bertemu.
Sangat =
Ibu jari digerak-gerakkan di leher bagian atas.
Sapu =
Tangan berbuat seperti menyapu.
Segala/ semua =
Tangan mengepal, tegak, lalu digerak-gerakkan.
Segera/ cepat =
Kedua tangan mengepal saling ditumbukkan.
Selesai =
Kedua telunjuk diketuk-ketukkan pada ujungnya.
Sempit =
Kedua tangan hampir dipersatukan dengan jarak sempit.
Senapan =
Tanda “perang”.
Saringan =
Jari-jari kedua tangan yang terbuka diletakkan secara bersilangan.
Sendok =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah dibawa ke mulut seperti sendok.
Separoh =
Telunjuk kanan membelah telunjuk kiri.
Sepatu =
Tanda “kulit” dan menunjukkan kaki.
Serta/ dengan =
Kedua tangan didekatkan sejajar.
Setan =
Ujung kelingking dititik-titikkan di dahi.
Stempel/ cap =
Tangan berbuat seperti mengecap.
Seterika =
Berbuat seperti menyeterika.
Siang =
Tanda “separuh” dan “hari”.
Siapa =
Mengangkat bahu dan membuat tanda “orang-pater”.
Sikat =
Berbuat seperti menyikat.
Sisi =
Tanda “koor”.
Sopir =
Tanda “orang” dan berbuat seperti menyupir.
Sore =
Telunjuk diletakkan pada mata tertutup.
Suara =
Menjimpit jakun.
Sungut-sungut =
Tangan digaruk-garukkan di pipi. ( = menggerutu )
Surat =
Tangan kanan dan kiri digeser-geserkan pada punggungnya.
Susah =
Tanda “sayang” dan “menangis”.
Susu =
Telunjuk kiri ditarik-tarik seperti memerah susu.
Taat =
Berbuat seperti membuka topi.
Tahbisan =
Berbuat seperti memberkati.
Tahu/ mengerti =
Telunjuk diletakkan di dahi.
Tahun =
Tangan diletakkan di bahu kiri.
Tak/ tidak =
Telunjuk digoyang-goyangkan.
Takut =
Tanda “dingin”.
Tamu =
Tanda “orang”.
Tanah =
Tanda “abu”.
Tanda =
Jari-jari tangan kanan dan kiri digerak-gerakkan.
Tangga =
Kedua tangan digerakkan ke atas satu persatu membentuk tangga.
Tangkap =
Tangan di muka kepala berbuat seperti menangkap.
Tasbeh/ rosario =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk digerak-gerakkan seperti sedang berdoa tasbeh/ rosario.
Tata tertib =
Kelingking digariskan di tangan kiri.
Telat/ kasep =
Telunjuk digarukkan pada hidung.
Telur =
Telunjuk kanan menggaruk bagian dalam telunjuk kiri.
Tembaga =
Tanda “besi” dan “merah”.
Tempat =
Kedua telunjuk membuat lingkaran horisontal.
Tengah =
Tanda “separuh”.
Tentang =
Kedua kepalan tangan ditubrukkan.
Tepung =
Ibu jari dan telunjuk digeser-geserkan.
Terima =
Tanda berbuat seperti menerima.
Terima kasih =
Tanda “minta”.
Tertawa/ senang =
Tanda “kehendak”.
Tesmak/ kacamata =
Telunjuk dan ibu jari merupakan lingkaran yang diletakkan di mata.
Tetapi =
Tanda “tinggal” dan “api”.
Tidur =
Pipi miring diletakkan di tangan kanan.
Tikus =
Tanda “kucing” dan “kecil”.
Timbang =
Kedua tangan terbalik satu persatu naik turun.
Tinggal =
Kedua tangan sejajar menetap.
Tinggi/ besar =
Tangan kanan dinaikkan ke atas.
Tinta =
Tanda “air”, “hitam” atau “merah” dan “tulis”.
Titik =
Telunjuk dititikkan di tangan kiri.
Tolong =
Tanda “layan”.
Tongkat =
Telunjuk diperlihatkan membengkok.
Topi =
Ibu jari, telunjuk dan jari tengah diletakkan di kepala.
Tua =
Tanda “lama”.
Tugas =
Tangan kanan disampirkan pada bahu kiri.
Tuhan =
Tanda “Allah”.
Tukar =
Tanda “lain”.
Tulang relikwi =
Tanda “kulit” dan “cium”.
Tulis =
Berbuat seperti menulis.
Tunggu =
Tanda “tinggal”.
Uang =
Telunjuk dan ibu jari digerakkan di tangan kiri seperti menghitung uang.
Ubah =
Tanda “lain”.
Ubi =
Telunjuk kanan disisir-sisirkan pada telunjuk kiri.
Ular =
Telunjuk digerakkan maju berkelok-kelok.
Umum =
Tanda “segala”.
Ungu =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah diletakkan di atas kepala.
Upacara lit =
Ujung kedua ibu jari dan kelingking bertemu atau membuat huruf L dengan telunjuk/ ibu jari.
Urus/ atur =
Tanda ‘tata tertib’.
Asah/ tak usah =
Tanda “perlu”.
Uskup =
Ibu jari membuat tanda salib di dada.
Waktu =
Kelingking digerak-gerakkan, jari-jari lainnya mengepal.
Wanita =
Telunjuk dan jari tengah digariskan di dahi horisontal.
Warna =
Tanda “cat”.
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MONASTERIALES INDICIA
The following is a modern English translation of Monasteriales Indicia, an Anglo-Saxon list of hand gestures used in Benedictine monasteries in order to keep silence.
The text, written in Old English and dating to the 11th century, is preserved in folios 97v-101v of the Cotton Tiberius A.iii manuscript, kept at the British Library.
The complete text is below, with rearranged the items in order to classify them by type.
These are the signs that one should use and earnestly follow with the help of God when silence is to be held in the monastery according to the Rule.
Ecclesiastical Persons
First, the abbot's sign is to set two fingers on your head and at the same time grab your hair.
The deacon's sign is that one should make a motion with one hand hanging, as if to ring a small bell.
To indicate the prior, raise your forefinger over your head, for that is his sign.
This is the steward's sign, for one to twist with his hand as if to unlock a lock.
The sign of the schoolmaster, who cares for the children, is for one to set two fingers on his eyes and raise up his little finger.
The churchwarden's sign is for one to set two fingers on his eyes and make a motion with his hands as if to pull a hanging bell.
If you would indicate something concerning the church, make a motion with your two hands, as if to ring a bell, then set your forefinger to your mouth and afterwards raise it up.
The sign of the bishop is to stroke with a hand on each shoulder downward over your breast in the sign of a cross.
If you would indicate something about a certain monk, whose sign you do not know, then take yourself by your own hood.
The sign for nuns is to set your two forefingers on your forehead, then stroke along your cheeks in the sign of the holy veil.
If you would have a masspriest who is not a monk, then stroke with your forefinger in the shape of a circle and, with your hand outstretched, make a sign as if you were blessing.
When you would have a deacon, stroke in the same manner with your forefinger and make the sign of the cross on your forehead in betokening of the holy gospel.
The sign of an unmarried priest is to stroke as we said before on your cheek with your forefinger.
Books
These are the signs of the books that one shall use at the divine service in church.
When you would like a gradual, move your right hand and crook your thumb, for this is how it is denoted.
If you would like a sacramentary, then move your hand and make a motion as if you were blessing.
The sign of the epistolary is for one to move his hand and make the sign of the cross on his forehead with his thumb, because one reads the word of God there as well as on the Gospel-book.
When you would have a troper, then move your right hand with your right forefinger turned forward toward your breast, as if you were using it.
If you would like an oblong book, extend your left hand and move it, then set your right (hand) over your left arm the same distance as the length of the book.
Liturgical Vestments and Objects
When you would have a superumeral, then stroke with your two forefingers, from the top of your head, underneath your cheeks and down your arms.
If you would have an alb, then move your garment back and forth slightly with your hands.
When you would have a belt, set your hands in front of you with your nails down and stroke to your two hips.
When you would have a stole, put your two hands on your cheeks and then stroke downwards.
If you would have a chasuble, stroke with outspread hands down over your breast.
When you would have a maniple, then stroke with the edge of your right hand over your left.
If you would have the offering, move your vestment back and forth, then raise up your two hands.
The sign of the chalice and the paten is for one to lift up his two hands and make the sign of blessing.
If you would have a sacramental wafer, bend your forefinger to your thumb.
When you would like wine, make a motion with your two fingers as if to remove the spigot from a tun.
If you would like a wine-horn, make a motion with your right forefinger on your left hand, as if you would pull a spigot, then raise your forefinger up to your head.
When you would have a censer, move your hand downwards and move it back and forth, as if swinging.
If you need tapers, blow on your forefinger and raise up your thumb.
If you would have a candlestick, blow on your forefinger and hold your hands locked together as if you had a candlestaff.
If you need a small candle, blow on your forefinger.
When you would like a flat candlestick, stretch out your left hand and set it perpendicular to your right.
Matins
These are the signs of the books that one uses at matins.
If you would have a Bible, move your hand back and forth, raise up your thumb and set your hand flat against your cheek.
When you need a legendary, move your hand back and forth, lay your right forefinger over your hand and lay your hand flat against your cheek.
If you would like some other book, containing a homiliary, then lay your right hand under your cheek and make a cross on your forehead.
When you need a psalter, stroke with your right forefinger on your left hand as if you would hold a large one.
The hymnal's sign is to move your open hand back and forth and raise up the little finger.
When you would have a large cross, lay your finger over your right finger and raise up your thumb.
The sign of the little cross is thus, but also to raise up the little finger.
When you would have a small candlestick, make a motion as we described before and raise up your little finger.
Commands and Requests
If you want to sit in the church because of illness, move your hand downward and with bowed head set your hand on your breast and ask leave for yourself.
If you wish a sitting man to rise, turn your hand and move it up quickly in stages.
If you wish him to sit, then turn it downward and move it down in stages.
If someone offers to a certain brother more of something, of which he has enough, then you turn his open hand down and with your hand stretched out, move it slightly.
If he would like to have what is offered, he should move his hand vertically down and move it slightly outwards in agreement.
If he does not want it, he should also move it slightly forward.
Places and Objects
If you would like to indicate something about the chapterhouse, set your hand on your forehead and bow a little bit as if you would ask forgiveness for yourself.
The sign of the bakehouse is to move your two hands locked together as if you were rolling out dough.
When you would like a small martyrology, move your hand back and forth, then lay your forefinger over your throat and raise up your little finger.
The sign of the Rule is to move your hand back and forth and stroke with your forefinger along your left hand, as if you were ruling.
If you would like a rod, move your fist back and forth as if flogging.
When you would have a whip, move your fist back and forth as we described before, and raise up your two fingers.
When you would have a lamp, raise up your right hand with outspread fingers and puff on your forefinger.
Refectory Objects
If you would indicate something about the refectory, then place your three fingers, as if putting food in your mouth.
When you would like a seat-cover, pluck your own clothes with two fingers, then spread out your hands and move them back and forth, as if to arrange a seat.
If you would like the folding stool for the mealtime reader, or another man, then clasp your hands together and move them the way you do when you fold it.
If you would like a cloth or napkin, set your two hands over your lap and spread them as if you were stretching the corners.
If you need a dish, raise up one hand and spread your fingers.
When you would have a loaf of bread, set your two thumbs together and your two forefingers one against the other.
If you need a knife, cut with one finger over the other as if carving.
If you need a spoon, move your hand as if you were eating with a spoon.
Food
The sign for boiled vegetables is to put one hand down by your side, as if you were scraping vegetables.
When you would like green vegetables, set your finger on your left hand.
If you would like a leek, make a motion with your finger, as if you would bore in on your hand, then move your open hand to your nose, as if you smelled something.
The sign of porridge is to move your fist back and forth as if stirring porridge.
When you would like pepper, shake with one forefinger over the other.
If you would like beans, set your forefinger up on your thumb's first joint.
The sign of cherries is to set the thumb on the front part of the little finger.
When you would like cheese, set your two hands flat together, as if pressing.
If you would like butter or fat, stroke with your three fingers on the inside of your hand.
If you would like milk, stroke your left finger with your right hand as if you were milking.
If you need eggs, scrape with your finger up on your left thumb.
When you would like salt, bring down your hand with three fingers together, as if you were salting something.
The sign of honey is to set your finger on your tongue.
When you would like fish, move your hand back and forth the way a fish moves its tail, when it swims.
The sign for an eel is to move the right hand, set it over the left arm and with the left hand stretched out, strike across it with the right, as if mincing an eel in order to stick it on a spit.
If you would like an oyster, close your left hand as if you had an oyster in your hand, and make a motion with a knife or finger as if to wrench open the oyster.
When you would like an apple, bend your right thumb to the middle of your hand, seize it with your finger(s) and raise up your fist.
If you would like a pear, make a sign with your fist as we said above, then join your fingers together the length of your hand.
When you would have a plum, close your left hand in the same manner and stroke along your fist with your forefinger.
The sign for cherries is to set your left thumb on your little fingertip, then pinch it with your right hand.
If you would like a sloe, set your thumb the same way and push your forefinger into your left hand to indicate the thorn that it grows on.
When you would have saltflesh for any reason, with your right hand pinch the lower part of your left, where the flesh is thickest and make a motion with your three fingers, as if you were salting.
When you want a cup or mug, place your hand downwards and spread your fingers.
When you would like a lid, lift your left hand closed together and then the right arched over the left as if covering a cup.
The sign for a large goblet is to raise up your right hand, spread your fingers, then lay your forefinger to your cheek and raise up your thumb.
If you would like a little drinking cup, raise up your three fingers, then lay your right forefinger to your cheek and raise up your little finger.
When you wish to drink, lay your forefinger along your mouth.
If you would like strained wine, make a motion with your right forefinger on your left hand, as if you would put a tap into a cask, then move your forefinger down and pinch it with your two fingers as if to wipe off a drop.
The sign for beer is to knead one hand on the other.
When you would like barm, move your fist as if you would pound plants and lay your forefinger to your lips.
Sleep
If you would indicate something about the dormitory, lay your right hand under your right cheek.
When you need a lamp, turn your forefinger to the ground, but also guard it and wet (it) in the middle with your forefinger, as if you would set a wick.
When you would have bedclothes, move your robe back and forth and lay your hand to your cheek.
The sign of a pillow is to stroke with your forefinger inward on your left hand in the sign of a feather and lay (it) to your ear.
Hygiene and Clothing
The sign of the latrine is to set your right hand flat over your stomach and use the sign for asking leave of your elder, if you want to go thither.
If you would indicate something about the bathhouse, stroke with your right hand open over your breast and your stomach as if washing yourself.
When you would like to ask in signs if you might wash your head, stroke with an open hand on your hair, as if washing it.
If you need water, make a motion as if washing your hands.
When you would like soap, rub your hands together.
The sign of the razor is to put one forefinger over the other, as if carving and then to stroke your cheek with your finger as if shaving.
When you would like a comb, stroke with your fingers on your hair downwards, as if combing yourself.
If you would like an undergarment, take your sleeve in your hand and move it back and forth.
The sign of breeches is to stroke with your two hands up on your thigh.
When you would have a leg band, put your two hands around your shin.
If you would like hose, stroke upward on your shin with your two hands.
The sign for a fur garment is to stretch forth your left sleeve and pluck the inside with your left hand.
When you would like a cowl, move your sleeve back and forth and seize your hood.
If you need a short cloak to obey some order, then stroke edgewise with each hand over the other arm around the outside, where the short cloak's sleeves end.
When you would like a glove, stroke one hand along the other with an open palm.
If you would like slippers, set your forefinger upon your foot and stroke on both sides of your foot, in the manner which they are shaped.
The sign of socks is to set your forefinger in the same manner and raise up your thumb.
Then the sign of shoes is to set your forefinger right on your foot without any other signing.
The sign of shears is to move the forefinger and middle finger of your right hand on some cloth, as if to cut it with shears, or around your head as if barbering.
If you need a needle, fold the hem of your left sleeve in your right hand over your left forefinger and make a motion over it with three fingers as if sewing.
Writing
When you would like a stylus, set your three fingers together, as if you had a stylus, and move them as if you were writing, then beckon with your forefinger.
If you would like a small wax tablet, stretch out your two hands, set them down together and fold them up as if folding a wax tablet.
When you would like a large wax tablet, stroke with two fingers on the front of your breast as if you were erasing, then stroke your arm and set your hand on your left elbow.
If you have no ruling stick, stretch your hand upward and stroke with your forefinger along your left hand as if you were ruling.
When you would like an inkstand, raise three fingers as if to dip and move your hand down and clench your fingers, as if you were picking up an inkstand.
The sign of a quill is to join your three fingers together as if you were holding a quill, then dip it, and move your fingers as if writing.
People - Non-Ecclesiastical
The sign of the king is to move your hand down, then seize your head on top with all your fingers in the shape of a crown.
The sign of the king's wife is to stretch your hand over your head and then set it on your head.
The sign of a layman is to take yourself with both hands by the chin as if taking yourself by the beard.
The sign of a laywoman is to move your fingers across your forehead from one ear to the other in the sign of a headband.